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Another day, another opportunity to learn more Kotlin. In this episode, Kaushik walks through the concept of visibility modifiers. How do the modifiers in Kotlin differ from the ones in Java? What is this new internal modifier? When should I use each of the operators?

Listen on to find out!

Shownotes:

• Visibility modifiers
• Effective Java Item #13 – Ep 63
• discussion: Why the default should be internal
• Scopes in programming language (white paper)
• Scopes in programming language (wikipedia)

• Excellent resource explaining visibility modifiers in Kotlin

  open class Outer {
      private val a = 1
      protected open val b = 2
      internal val c = 3
      val d = 4  // public by default
  
      protected class Nested {
          public val e: Int = 5
      }
  }
  
  class Subclass : Outer() {
      // a is not visible
      // b, c and d are visible
      // Nested and e are visible
  
      override val b = 5   // 'b' is protected
  }
  
  class Unrelated(o: Outer) {
      // o.a, o.b are not visible
      // o.c and o.d are visible (same module)
      // Outer.Nested is not visible, and Nested::e is not visible either
  }